Popular Extensions

# Install all at once
pg extension install pg_stat_statements,pg_repack,pg_prewarm --auto-restart

# Find top 5 slow queries
pg exec "SELECT query, calls, total_exec_time::numeric(10,2) AS ms
         FROM pg_stat_statements ORDER BY total_exec_time DESC LIMIT 5;"

# Repack a bloated table
pg exec -- pg_repack -U admin -d default_db -t my_table --no-superuser-check

# Prewarm a table
pg exec "SELECT pg_prewarm('my_table');"

# UUID generation (PG 18 built-in — no extension needed)
pg exec "SELECT gen_random_uuid();"  # v4 random UUID (built-in since PG 13)
pg exec "SELECT uuidv7();"           # v7 time-ordered UUID (new in PG 18)

# uuid-ossp extension — only needed for v1/v3/v5 UUIDs
pg exec "CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS \"uuid-ossp\";"
pg exec "SELECT uuid_generate_v1();"  # v1 timestamp + MAC address
pg exec "SELECT uuid_generate_v3(uuid_ns_url(), 'https://example.com');"  # v3 MD5-based
pg exec "SELECT uuid_generate_v5(uuid_ns_url(), 'https://example.com');"  # v5 SHA-1 based

# Key-value storage
pg exec "SELECT 'theme => dark, lang => en'::hstore -> 'theme';"
# Returns: dark

# Case-insensitive matching
pg exec "CREATE TABLE users (email citext);
         INSERT INTO users VALUES ('Alice@Example.COM');
         SELECT * FROM users WHERE email = 'alice@example.com';"

# Fuzzy search
pg exec "SELECT name, similarity(name, 'John') FROM users
         ORDER BY similarity(name, 'John') DESC LIMIT 5;"

# Create a trigram index for fast fuzzy search
pg exec "CREATE INDEX users_name_trgm_idx ON users USING gin (name gin_trgm_ops);"

# Remove accents
pg exec "SELECT unaccent('Crème Brûlée');"  -- returns 'Creme Brulee'

# Combine for accent-insensitive fuzzy search
pg exec "SELECT name FROM users WHERE name % unaccent('Creme Brulee');"

# Hash a password with bcrypt
pg exec "SELECT crypt('my_password', gen_salt('bf'));"

# Verify a password
pg exec "SELECT (crypt('my_password', stored_hash) = stored_hash);"

# Symmetric encryption/decryption
pg exec "SELECT pgp_sym_decrypt(pgp_sym_encrypt('secret', 'key'), 'key');"

# Enable audit logging for specific operations
pg exec "SET pgaudit.log = 'read, ddl';"

pg extension install postgis --auto-restart

# Create a table with spatial data
pg exec "CREATE TABLE places (id serial, name text, geom geometry(Point, 4326));"
pg exec "INSERT INTO places (name, geom) VALUES
         ('San Francisco', ST_MakePoint(-122.4, 37.8)),
         ('London', ST_MakePoint(-0.1276, 51.5074));"

# Find places within 5km of a point
pg exec "SELECT name FROM places
         WHERE ST_DWithin(geom, ST_MakePoint(-122.4, 37.8)::geography, 5000);"

# Calculate distance between two cities (in meters)
pg exec "SELECT ST_Distance(
           ST_MakePoint(-74.006, 40.7128)::geography,
           ST_MakePoint(-0.1276, 51.5074)::geography);"

pg extension install vector --auto-restart

# Create a table with vector column
pg exec "CREATE TABLE items (id serial PRIMARY KEY, embedding vector(3));"
pg exec "INSERT INTO items (embedding) VALUES ('[1,2,3]'), ('[4,5,6]'), ('[7,8,9]');"

# Find nearest neighbors (Euclidean distance)
pg exec "SELECT id FROM items ORDER BY embedding <-> '[3,1,2]' LIMIT 5;"

# Create an IVFFlat index for fast approximate search
pg exec "CREATE INDEX items_embedding_idx ON items USING ivfflat (embedding vector_l2_ops);"

pg extension install timescaledb --auto-restart

# Create a hypertable
pg exec "CREATE TABLE sensor (time timestamptz NOT NULL, value float);
         SELECT create_hypertable('sensor', 'time');"

# Time-bucket aggregation
pg exec "SELECT time_bucket('1 hour', time) AS bucket, avg(value)
         FROM sensor GROUP BY bucket ORDER BY bucket;"

pg extension install pg_cron --auto-restart

# Schedule a daily cleanup job (runs at midnight)
pg exec "SELECT cron.schedule('cleanup', '0 0 * * *',
         'DELETE FROM logs WHERE created_at < now() - interval ''30 days''');"

# List scheduled jobs
pg exec "SELECT jobid, schedule, command FROM cron.job;"

# Unschedule a job
pg exec "SELECT cron.unschedule('cleanup');"

# Create a foreign server
pg exec "CREATE SERVER remote FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER postgres_fdw
         OPTIONS (host '10.0.0.2', port '5432', dbname 'analytics');"

# Create user mapping
pg exec "CREATE USER MAPPING FOR current_user SERVER remote
         OPTIONS (user 'reader', password 'secret');"

# Import remote schema as foreign tables
pg exec "IMPORT FOREIGN SCHEMA public FROM SERVER remote INTO remote_schema;"

# Query remote data as if it were local
pg exec "SELECT * FROM remote_schema.events LIMIT 10;"

pg extension install pg_duckdb --auto-restart

# Run SQL in DuckDB — duckdb.query is a table function (FROM clause required)
pg exec "SELECT * FROM duckdb.query(\$\$ SELECT 42 AS answer, 'hello' AS msg \$\$);"

# Export a table to Parquet
pg exec "COPY my_table TO '/tmp/my_table.parquet' (FORMAT 'parquet');"

# Read Parquet/CSV files directly
pg exec "SELECT * FROM duckdb.query(\$\$
         SELECT * FROM read_parquet('/tmp/my_table.parquet') WHERE id > 2 \$\$);"

# Offload an entire query to DuckDB (OLAP acceleration)
pg exec "SET duckdb.force_execution = true;
         SELECT category, sum(amount) FROM sales GROUP BY category;"

# Pure DuckDB SQL (no PostgreSQL planner involved)
pg exec "SELECT * FROM duckdb.raw_query(\$\$ SELECT range AS n FROM range(1, 6) \$\$);"

# --- Read files from S3 / MinIO (no file copy needed) ---

# Create an S3 secret once (use_ssl is text: 'true'/'false')
pg exec "SELECT duckdb.create_simple_secret('S3', '<access_key>', '<secret_key>',
         '', 'us-east-1', 'path', '', 'minio.example.com:9000',
         's3://bucket', '', 'false');"

# Query a CSV in the bucket directly
pg exec "SELECT * FROM duckdb.query(\$\$
         SELECT category, count(*) AS cnt, sum(sales) AS total_sales
         FROM read_csv('s3://bucket/products.csv', auto_detect=true)
         GROUP BY category ORDER BY total_sales DESC \$\$);"